Proletarskaia Kultura (Proletarian Culture) or Proletkult, consisted of architects, composers, artists and writers. The consortium was created in 1917 by Alexandr Bogdanov, director of the Socialist Academy of Social Sciences, and by Aleksei Gastev, a writer and theoretician who headed the Central Institute of Labor. Proletkult was to provide the foundation for a worker-based art form, "liberated from bourgeois, pre-Soviet culture." Mass-production and machine art were staples of the Proletkult ideal. Its membership surged ...

Mospoligraf was a state-owned printing trust located in Moscow. When the Soviet Union formulated a plan in 1921 to consolidate the nation’s largest and best printing operators into state-owned trusts; Mospoligraf was organized in 1922 to carry out consolidation of the Moscow printing industry. With a staff of over two thousand, Mospoligraf was the second-largest printing trust organized in Moscow outside of the Mospechat’ trust, and it oversaw a myriad of houses under local printing sections such...